LOCALHISTORYARTICLES
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MACEDONIASkopje
The hard earthquake that ruined the antique city Skupi in year 518, located on the left side of the rivers Vardar and Lepenec close to today’s village Zlokucani, made their citizens search for a new place for living. They moved some kilometers south- east in the flow of the river Serava into Vardar. On the exact place the existence of the new city named Skopje began. (1) Skopje in its history was occupied many times, first by the Slovenes, then by the Vizantics. In the time of Samoils empire Skopje becomes very important trade center. In the year 1004 the Samoils army lost the battle on Vardar by the Vizantic emperor Vasilij II. The city became Vizantic for a second time and widely developed administrative and religious center. Also it was occupied by the Serbs, Bulgarians, Epirsk and Nikej Greeks. In this period Skopje lives its greatest expansion. Because of its geographic position the city was the main colonist target for Turks. The first Turkish conqueror was the Jigit pasha. While Skopje was under Turkish role, Muslim families predominated. In 1467/68 there were 33 Muslim and 12 Christian families. In that time the culture was obviously changed. The Christians - Slovenes culture which was lead by the church had to move to old churches and monasteries. (2) In its existence, Skopje was ruined and restored for many times like in the Second world war and the earthquake from the 1963. In the time of the Second World War Skopje was of fashistics - occupatores until its liberation on the 13 of November 1944. The worst thing that ever happened to the citizens of Skopje was the earthquake from the 26 of July 1963. Most of the city was ruined with many casualties. The world helped rebuilt the city that today represent modern, cultural and economic center. Our wide boulevards high buildings and modern trade- centers are similar to the ones in the European metropolis. This only a small part of what Skopje was and is throughout centuries. The rest you will find out when you decide to visit us. 1, 2 - A part of "Skopje from the Turkish conquest till the end of XVII century" Petrusevski Ivan VIII 1OU "Zivko Brajkovski" Gradot Skopje niz vekovite Skopje e grad so bogato istorisko minato star oklu dve iljadi godini. Najstari istoriski podatoci za gradot ni ostavil starogr~kiot geogaf Ptolomej vo III v. pred n.e. Na tri kilometri severozapadno od Skopje, arheolozite otkrija ostatoci od objekti koi mu pripa|aat na staroto Skupi. Ovoj lokalitet denes se nao|a vo seloto Zloku}ani.Gradot Skupi, spored arheolozite, istori~arite i istori~arite na umetnosta, vo IV pred n.e. go osnovale ilirskite plemiwa Tribali i Dardanci koi tuka }e ostanat do doa|aweto na Rimjanite.So nivnoto doa|awe Skupi potpa|a pod nivna vlast. Krajot na prviot milenium od na{ata era bil vo znakot na dominacija na prvata makedonska dr`ava i na makedonskiot car Samoil (976-1014), ~ie carstvose protegalo na pogolem del od Balkanot. Vo toj period na, X-XI vek, grdot i natamu se razvival.U{te edna{ vo svojata bogata istorija, Skopje gi menuva gospodarite i stanuva prestolnina, ovoj pat na mo}nata srpska dr`ava na Du{an Stefan, koj tuka e krunisan vo 1346 god. Vo 1392 god. Skopje potpa|a pod osmanliska vlast.So tekot na vremeto naselenieto brgu i zna~itelno narasnuva poradi doseluvaweto na brojni turski voeni ekipa`i. So ova Skopje odnovo se izdiga kako stopansko, a podocna i kako politi~ko sredi{te. Podatocite zboruvaat deka u{te vo 1469 g. vo nego postoel bezisten so mnogu du}ani, karvan-saraj, vo koj svratuvale trgovci i patnici, me|u koi i Arapi i Evrei, Grci i Dubrov~ani, Venecijanci i dr. Vo toa vreme Skopje bilo poznato i kako bogat i evtin pazar na robovi, kade {to rob se dobival za ni{tozna suma. Kako robovi najmnogu bile kupuvani Makedonci kako i drugo nemuslimansko naselenie kako Ermenci, Evrei i drugo. Vo 1555 god Skopje go pogoduva katastrofalen zemjotres. Vo zemjotresot gradot bil razurnat no gra|anite, ve}e naviknati na pusto{ewa i grabe`i, brgu go obnovuvaat. Za nego pi{uvaat mnogu trgovci i patopisci ~ij pat vodi niz Skopje. Vo nivnite patepisi tie go opi{uvaat gradot kako mo{ne ubav so prekrasni ku}i izgradeni od kamen ili kal, pokrieni so crveni keramidi, ~isti i ramni ulici so kaldrma. Skopje vo toga{no vreme zafa}alo 28 kvadratni kilometri na koi ne prostirale 70 maala so 11.060 ku}i na eden ili dva sprata.^ar{ijata bila prepolna so Latini, Francuzi, Ungarci i drugi. Vo Skopje na 25 oktomvri 1689 god. pristignal avstriskiot general Pikolomini.Negovata namera bila da go zavzeme Dra~ vo Albanija i da se dobli`i do moreto. Za da ja poka`e silata na svoeto oru`je i da go spre~i {ireweto na kolerata toj go zapali gradot.Dolgo vreme po ovoj po`ar, se do sredinata na XIX vek Skopje ne mo`elo da go povrati svojot sjaj.Duri so pu{taweto na prugata od Solun do Skopje vo 1873 god. gradot preminuva vo sovremena `elezni~ka krstosnica i ja potvrduva svojata va`nost kako soobra}aen krstopat na Balkanot. U~enik: Pan~e Ma~kov ASUC "Boro Petru{evski"-Skopje < pance16@freemail.org.mk>Nastavnik: Sowa Go{evska Ivanovi} < isonja@freemail.org.mk>The Kresna Constitution and Krusevo Republic The struggle of the Macedonian people for national revival, liberation and the establishment of a state of their own was completely and definitely articulated in the second half of the 19th century. As a result of dissatisfaction with the decisions of the Congress of Berlin, an insurrection began in October 1878 known as the Kresna Uprising. According to the Rules of the Macedonian Uprising Committee, known as the Constitution of this Uprising, its main purpose was the liberation of Macedonia and the establishment of a Macedonian state. In a special chapter the bases of the external policy of the insurrectionary people were set forth, with particular regard to the neighbouring states and peoples. As a result of growing national and political emancipation and the struggle against foreign propaganda, the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (VMRO) was established in Salonika in 1893. This organization was a decisive response to foreign propaganda and attempts at political penetration into the fabric of the Macedonian national liberation struggle. The Macedonian national movement stirred up the European political scene in 1903 with the glorious Ilinden Uprising and the establishment of Krusevo Republic. The Krusevo Manifesto, as a declaration of the first republic in the Balkans, with its political ideas and the envisaged establishment of institutions of government corresponded with the highest democratic values of contemporary Europe. Sovereign and Independent MacedoniaIn the Second World War, with the struggle it organized against the fascist occupiers staring on October 11, 1941, the Macedonian people secured its place among the freedom-loving and democratic people of Europe and the world. The Macedonian people established its own army and in 1944 liberated most of its territory with its own forces. The first Session of ASNOM (The Anti-Fascist Assembly of the National Liberation of Macedonia) was held on August 2, 1944. It finally crowned the process of the historical establishment of the Macedonian state and was the basis for its sovereignty and integrity. The state’s status as a subject, its political and legal sovereignty, and its territorial and national integrity, as set out in the resolutions of ASNOM, served as the bases for the Macedonian people’s coexistence with neighbouring peoples and for foundation of a new European order. As a legislative and executive body, ASNOM also had all the prerogatives of a state-constitutional institution. The Republic of Macedonia is a state constituted by the will of its citizens within the framework of the new political order following the Second World War. National, political, territorial and economic integrity, and the state-constitutional and international status of Macedonia are part of that political order. As a state within the framework of Yugoslavia, in its international legal contacts and in its international economic, political and cultural relations and cooperation, Macedonia exercised all the basic functions of a separate entity. On September 9, 1991, Macedonia held a referendum on its sovereignty and independence. On November 17, 1991, a new Constitution was adopted, which proclaimed the Republic of Macedonia a sovereign and independent state. On April 8, 1993, the Republic of Macedonia become a member of the United Nations Organization.
updated by Margaret Shearn on 25th August 2000 |
